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    API 5L 46th Edition Specification fun Line Pipe Dopin

    API 5L 46th Edition Specification fun Laini Pipa Ifihan Aworan
    • API 5L 46th Edition Specification fun Line Pipe Dopin

    Apejuwe kukuru:

    Ni pato iṣelọpọ ti awọn ipele ọja meji (PSL1 ati PSL2) ti laisiyonu ati paipu irin welded fun lilo opo gigun ti epo ni gbigbe epo ati gaasi adayeba.Fun lilo ohun elo ninu ohun elo iṣẹ Ekan tọka si Annex H ati fun ohun elo iṣẹ ti ita tọka si Annex J ti API5L 45th.


    Alaye ọja

    ọja Tags

    Ipo Ifijiṣẹ

    PSL Ipo Ifijiṣẹ Ipele paipu
    PSL1 Bi-yiyi, deede, normalizing akoso

    A
    Bi yiyi, deede yiyi, thermomechanical yiyi, thermo-mechanical akoso, normalizing akoso, deede, deede ati tempered tabi ti o ba gba Q&T SMLS nikan

    B
    Bi-yiyi, deede ti yiyi, thermomechanical yiyi, thermo-mechanical akoso, normalizing akoso, deede, deede ati tempered X42, X46, X52, X56, X60, X65, X70
    PSL 2 Bi-yiyi

    BR, X42R
    Normalizing ti yiyi, normalizing akoso, deede tabi deede ati tempered BN, X42N, X46N, X52N, X56N, X60N
    Parun ati ibinu BQ, X42Q, X46Q, X56Q, X60Q, X65Q, X70Q, X80Q, X90Q, X100Q
    Thermomechanical yiyi tabi thermomechanical akoso BM, X42M, X46M, X56M, X60M, X65M, X70M, X80M
    Thermomechanical yiyi X90M, X100M, X120M
    O to (R, N, Q tabi M) fun awọn onipò PSL2, jẹ ti iwọn irin

    Bere fun Alaye

    Ibere ​​rira yoo pẹlu opoiye, ipele PSL, iru tabi Ipele, tọka si API5L, iwọn ila opin ita, sisanra ogiri, gigun ati eyikeyi awọn afikun ti o wulo tabi awọn ibeere afikun ti o ni ibatan si akopọ kemikali, awọn ohun-ini ẹrọ, itọju ooru, idanwo afikun, ilana iṣelọpọ, dada ti a bo tabi opin pari.

    Aṣoju Ilana ti iṣelọpọ

    Iru Pipe

    PSL 1

    PSL 2
    Ipele A Ipele B X42 to X70 B si X80 X80 to X100
    SMLS

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LFW

    ü

    ü

    ü
    HFW

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    LW

    ü
    SAWL

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SAWH

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü

    ü
    SMLS - Ailokun, laisi weld

    LFW – Kekere igbohunsafẹfẹ welded paipu, <70 kHz

    HFW – Ga igbohunsafẹfẹ welded pipe,> 70 kHz

    SAWL – Submerge-arc alurinmorin ni gigun welded

    SAWH – Submerge-aaki alurinmorin helical welded

    Ohun elo Ibẹrẹ

    Ingots, blooms, billets, coils tabi awọn awo ti a lo fun iṣelọpọ paipu yoo ṣee ṣe nipasẹ awọn ilana atẹle, atẹgun ipilẹ, ileru ina tabi ile ina ti o ṣii ni apapo pẹlu ilana isọdọtun ladle.Fun PSL2, irin naa yoo pa ati yo ni ibamu si iṣe ọkà ti o dara.Coil tabi awo ti a lo fun paipu PSL2 ko ni ni awọn alurinmu titunṣe eyikeyi ninu.

    Iṣakojọpọ Kemikali fun paipu PSL 1 pẹlu t ≤ 0.984″

    Irin ite

    Ida ọpọ,% da lori ooru ati awọn itupalẹ ọja a,g

    C

    o pọju b

    Mn

    o pọju b

    P

    o pọju

    S

    o pọju

    V

    o pọju

    Nb

    o pọju

    Ti

    o pọju

    Alailẹgbẹ Pipe

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.28

    1.20

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.28

    1.30

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.28

    1.40

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0,28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0,28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0,28 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    Weld Pipe

    A

    0.22

    0.90

    0.30

    0.30

    -

    -

    -

    B

    0.26

    1.2

    0.30

    0.30

    c,d

    c,d

    d

    X42

    0.26

    1.3

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X46

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X52

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X56

    0.26

    1.4

    0.30

    0.30

    d

    d

    d

    X60

    0.26 e

    1.40 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X65

    0.26 e

    1,45 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f

    X70

    0.26e

    1,65 e

    0.30

    0.30

    f

    f

    f
    1. Cu ≤ = 0.50% Ni;≤ 0.50%;Cr ≤ 0.50%;ati Mo ≤ 0.15%
    2. Fun kọọkan idinku ti 0.01% ni isalẹ awọn pàtó kan max.fojusi fun erogba, ati ilosoke ti 0.05% loke awọn pàtó kan max.fojusi fun Mn jẹ iyọọda, to kan max.ti 1.65% fun awọn onipò ≥ B, ṣugbọn ≤ = X52;soke si kan max.ti 1.75% fun awọn onipò> X52, ṣugbọn
    3. Ayafi bibẹẹkọ ti gba NB + V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb + V + TI ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ayafi ti bibẹkọ ti gba.
    6. Ayafi ti bibẹẹkọ gba, NB + V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    7. Ko si afikun mọọmọ ti B jẹ idasilẹ ati pe iyokù B ≤ 0.001%

    Iṣakojọpọ Kemikali fun paipu PSL 2 pẹlu t ≤ 0.984″

    Irin ite

    Ida lowo,% da lori ooru ati awọn itupalẹ ọja

    Erogba Equiv a

    C

    o pọju b

    Si

    o pọju

    Mn

    o pọju b

    P

    o pọju

    S

    o pọju

    V

    o pọju

    Nb

    o pọju

    Ti

    o pọju

    Omiiran

    CE IIW

    o pọju

    CE PCM

    o pọju

    Seamless ati Welded Pipe

    BR

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42R

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    BN

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    c

    c

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.06

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46N

    0.24

    0.40

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56N

    0.24

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05

    0.04

    d,e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60N

    0.24f

    0.45f

    1.40f

    0.025

    0.015

    0.10f

    0.05f

    0.04f

    g,h,l

    Bi gba

    BQ

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52Q

    0.18

    0.45

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56Q

    0.18

    0.45f

    1.50

    0.025

    0.015

    0.07

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.80f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80Q

    0.18f

    0.45f

    1.90f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    emi,j

    Bi gba

    X90Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Bi gba

    X100Q

    0.16f

    0.45f

    1.90

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    j,k

    Bi gba

    Weld Pipe

    BM

    0.22

    0.45

    1.20

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X42M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X46M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.30

    0.025

    0.015

    0.05

    0.05

    0.04

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X52M

    0.22

    0.45

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X56M

    0.22

    0.45f

    1.40

    0.025

    0.015

    d

    d

    d

    e,l

    .043

    0.25

    X60M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X65M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.60f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X70M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.70f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    h,l

    .043

    0.25

    X80M

    0.12f

    0.45f

    1.85f

    0.025

    0.015

    g

    g

    g

    emi,j

    .043f

    0.25

    X90M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    emi,j

    -

    0.25

    X100M

    0.10

    0.55f

    2.10f

    0.020

    0.010

    g

    g

    g

    emi,j

    -

    0.25
    1. SMLS t> 0.787", CE awọn opin yoo jẹ bi a ti gba.Awọn opin CEIIW loo fi C> 0.12% ati awọn opin CEPcm waye ti C ≤ 0.12%
    2. Fun kọọkan idinku ti 0.01% ni isalẹ awọn pàtó kan max.fojusi fun erogba, ati ilosoke ti 0.05% loke awọn pàtó kan max.fojusi fun Mn jẹ iyọọda, to kan max.ti 1.65% fun awọn onipò ≥ B, ṣugbọn ≤ = X52;soke si kan max.ti 1.75% fun awọn onipò> X52, ṣugbọn
    3. Ayafi bibẹẹkọ ti gba Nb = V ≤ 0.06%
    4. Nb = V = Ti ≤ 0.15%
    5. Ayafi ti bibẹkọ ti gba, Cu ≤ 0.50%;Ni ≤ 0.30% Cr ≤ 0.30% ati Mo ≤ 0.15%
    6. Ayafi ti bibẹkọ ti gba
    7. Ayafi ti bibẹẹkọ gba, Nb + V + Ti ≤ 0.15%
    8. Ayafi ti bibẹẹkọ gba, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 0.50% Cr ≤ 0.50% ati MO ≤ 0.50%
    9. Ayafi ti bibẹẹkọ gba, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.50% ati MO ≤ 0.50%
    10. B ≤ 0.004%
    11. Ayafi ti bibẹẹkọ gba, Cu ≤ 0.50% Ni ≤ 1.00% Cr ≤ 0.55% ati MO ≤ 0.80%
    12. Fun gbogbo PSL 2 paipu onipò ayafi awon onipò pẹlu footnotes j woye, awọn wọnyi kan.Ayafi ti bibẹẹkọ gba adehun ko si ifikun imomose ti B ti wa ni idasilẹ ati iyokù B ≤ 0.001% .

    Fifẹ ati Ikore - PSL1 ati PSL2

    Pipe ite

    Awọn ohun-ini fifẹ – Ara paipu ti SMLS ati Awọn paipu Welded PSL 1

    Okun ti welded Pipe

    Agbara ikore a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Agbara fifẹ a

    Rm PSI min

    Ilọsiwaju

    (ni 2in Af % min)

    Agbara fifẹ b

    Rm PSI min

    A

    30.500

    48.600

    c

    48.600

    B

    35.500

    60.200

    c

    60.200

    X42

    42.100

    60.200

    c

    60.200

    X46

    46.400

    63.100

    c

    63.100

    X52

    52.200

    66.700

    c

    66.700

    X56

    56.600

    71.100

    c

    71.100

    X60

    60.200

    75.400

    c

    75.400

    X65

    65.300

    77.500

    c

    77.500

    X70

    70.300

    82.700

    c

    82.700
    a.Fun ite agbedemeji, iyatọ laarin agbara fifẹ ti o kere ju pato ati ikore ti o kere ju ti a sọ pato fun ara paipu yoo jẹ bi a ti fun ni fun ite giga atẹle.

    b.Fun awọn onipò agbedemeji, agbara fifẹ to kere julọ ti pàtó kan fun okun weld yoo jẹ kanna bi a ti pinnu fun ara nipa lilo akọsilẹ ẹsẹ a.

    c.Ohun elongation ti o kere ju, Af, ti a fihan ni ogorun ati yika si ipin to sunmọ, ni ao pinnu nipa lilo idogba wọnyi:

    Nibo C jẹ 1 940 fun iṣiro lilo awọn ẹya Si ati 625 000 fun iṣiro nipa lilo awọn ẹya USC

    Axcni iwulo Nkan idanwo fifẹ agbegbe agbelebu-apakan, ti a fihan ni awọn milimita onigun mẹrin (inṣi square) , bi atẹle

    - Fun awọn ege idanwo apakan agbelebu ipin, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) fun 12.7 mm (0.500 ni) ati 8.9 mm (.350 ni) awọn ege idanwo iwọn ila opin;ati 65 mm2(0.10 in2) fun 6.4 mm (0.250in) iwọn igbeyewo ege.

    - Fun ni kikun-apakan igbeyewo ege, awọn kere ti a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) ati b) agbegbe apakan-agbelebu ti nkan idanwo, ti o wa ni lilo iwọn ila opin ita ti a sọ pato ati sisanra ogiri ti paipu, yika si 10 mm ti o sunmọ julọ.2(0.10in2)

    - Fun rinhoho igbeyewo ege, awọn kere ti a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) ati b) agbegbe apakan-agbelebu ti nkan idanwo, ti o wa ni lilo iwọn iwọn ti nkan idanwo ati sisanra odi ti paipu, yika si 10 mm ti o sunmọ julọ.2(0.10in2)

    U jẹ agbara fifẹ ti o kere ju, ti a fihan ni megapascals (awọn poun fun inch square)

    Pipe ite

    Awọn ohun-ini fifẹ – Ara paipu ti SMLS ati Awọn paipu Welded PSL 2

    Okun ti welded Pipe

    Agbara ikore a

    Rt0,5PSI Min

    Agbara fifẹ a

    Rm PSI min

    Iwọn a,c

    R10,5IRm

    Ilọsiwaju

    (ninu 2in)

    Af%

    Agbara Agbara d

    Rm(psi)

    O kere ju

    O pọju

    O kere ju

    O pọju

    O pọju

    O kere ju

    O kere ju
    BR, BN, BQ, BM

    35.500

    65.300

    60.200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60.200
    X42,X42R,X2Q,X42M

    42.100

    71.800

    60.200

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    60.200
    X46N,X46Q,X46M

    46.400

    76.100

    63.100

    95,000

    0.93

    f

    63.100
    X52N,X52Q,X52M

    52.200

    76.900

    66.700

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    66.700
    X56N,X56Q,X56M

    56.600

    79.000

    71.100

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    71.100
    X60N,X60Q,S60M

    60.200

    81.900

    75.400

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    75.400
    X65Q,X65M

    65.300

    87,000

    77.600

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    76.600
    X70Q,X65M

    70.300

    92.100

    82.700

    110.200

    0.93

    f

    82.700
    X80Q,X80M

    80.500

    102,300

    90.600

    119.700

    0.93

    f

    90.600
    a.Fun ite agbedemeji, tọka si pipe API5L sipesifikesonu.

    b.fun awọn onipò> X90 tọka si ni kikun API5L sipesifikesonu.

    c.Iwọn yii kan fun awọn pies pẹlu D> 12.750 in

    d.Fun awọn onipò agbedemeji, agbara fifẹ ti o kere ju pàtó fun okun weld yoo jẹ iye kanna bi a ti pinnu fun ara paipu nipa lilo ẹsẹ a.

    e.fun paipu to nilo idanwo gigun, agbara ikore ti o pọju yoo jẹ ≤ 71,800 psi

    f.Ohun elongation ti o kere ju, Af, ti a fihan ni ogorun ati yika si ipin to sunmọ, ni ao pinnu nipa lilo idogba wọnyi:

    Nibo C jẹ 1 940 fun iṣiro lilo awọn ẹya Si ati 625 000 fun iṣiro nipa lilo awọn ẹya USC

    Axcni iwulo Nkan idanwo fifẹ agbegbe agbelebu-apakan, ti a fihan ni awọn milimita onigun mẹrin (inṣi square) , bi atẹle

    - Fun awọn ege idanwo apakan agbelebu ipin, 130mm2 (0.20 in2) fun 12.7 mm (0.500 ni) ati 8.9 mm (.350 ni) awọn ege idanwo iwọn ila opin;ati 65 mm2(0.10 in2) fun 6.4 mm (0.250in) iwọn igbeyewo ege.

    - Fun ni kikun-apakan igbeyewo ege, awọn kere ti a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) ati b) agbegbe apakan-agbelebu ti nkan idanwo, ti o wa ni lilo iwọn ila opin ita ti a sọ pato ati sisanra ogiri ti paipu, yika si 10 mm ti o sunmọ julọ.2(0.10in2)

    - Fun rinhoho igbeyewo ege, awọn kere ti a) 485 mm2(0.75 in2) ati b) agbegbe apakan-agbelebu ti nkan idanwo, ti o wa ni lilo iwọn iwọn ti nkan idanwo ati sisanra odi ti paipu, yika si 10 mm ti o sunmọ julọ.2(0.10in2)

    U jẹ agbara fifẹ ti o kere ju, ti a fihan ni megapascals (awọn poun fun inch square

    g.Awọn iye kekere fun R10,5IRm le wa ni pato nipa adehun

    h.fun awọn onipò> x90 tọka si ni kikun API5L sipesifikesonu.

    Idanwo Hydrostatic

    Paipu lati koju idanwo hydrostatic laisi jijo nipasẹ okun weld tabi ara paipu.Awọn apapọ ko nilo idanwo hydrostatic pese awọn apakan paipu ti a lo ni idanwo ni aṣeyọri.

    Tẹ Idanwo

    Ko si dojuijako yoo waye ni eyikeyi ìka ti awọn igbeyewo nkan ati ki o ko šiši ti awọn weld yoo ṣẹlẹ.

    Idanwo fifẹ

    Awọn ibeere gbigba fun idanwo fifẹ yoo jẹ
    a) Awọn paipu EW D<12.750 in
    -≥ X60 pẹlu T≥0.500in, ko si šiši ti weld ṣaaju ki aaye laarin awọn awo jẹ kere ju 66% ti atilẹba ita opin.Fun gbogbo awọn onipò ati odi, 50%.
    -Fun paipu pẹlu D/t> 10, ko si šiši weld ṣaaju ki aaye laarin awọn apẹrẹ jẹ kere ju 30% ti atilẹba ita opin.
    b) Fun awọn iwọn miiran tọka si pipe API5L sipesifikesonu

    Idanwo ikolu CVN fun PSL2

    Ọpọlọpọ awọn iwọn paipu PSL2 ati awọn onipò nilo CVN.Paipu alailabawọn ni lati ṣe idanwo ninu ara.Paipu weld ni lati ni idanwo ni Ara, Pipe Weld ati agbegbe ti o kan ooru (HAZ).Tọkasi ni kikun API5L sipesifikesonu fun chart ti awọn titobi ati awọn onipò ati awọn iye agbara gbigba ti o nilo.

    Tolerances Ita opin, Jade ti roundness ati odi sisanra

    Pato Ita Diamita D (ni)

    Ifarada Opin, inches d

    Ifarada Ayika-jade ni

    Paipu ayafi opin a

    Ipari paipu a,b,c

    Paipu ayafi Opin a

    Pipe Ipari a,b,c

    SMLS Pipe

    Weld Pipe

    SMLS Pipe

    Weld Pipe

    <2.375

    -0,031 to + 0,016

    - 0,031 to + 0,016

    0.048

    0.036

    ≥2.375 si 6.625

    +/- 0.0075D

    		 - 0,016 to + 0,063

    0.020D fun

    Nipa adehun fun

    0.015D fun

    Nipa adehun fun

    > 6.625 to 24.000

    +/- 0.0075D

    +/- 0.0075D, ṣugbọn o pọju 0.125

    +/- 0.005D, ṣugbọn o pọju 0.063

    0.020D

    0.015D

    > 24 si 56

    +/- 0.01D

    +/- 0.005D ṣugbọn o pọju 0.160

    +/- 0.079

    +/- 0.063

    0.015D fun ṣugbọn max ti 0.060

    Fun

    Nipa adehun

    fun

    0.01D fun ṣugbọn max ti 0.500

    Fun

    Nipa adehun

    fun
    >56 Bi gba
    1. Ipari paipu pẹlu ipari ti 4 ni jẹun kọọkan ti awọn opin paipu
    2. Fun paipu SMLS ifarada waye fun t≤0.984in ati awọn ifarada fun paipu ti o nipon yoo jẹ bi a ti gba
    3. Fun paipu ti o gbooro pẹlu D≥8.625in ati fun paipu ti kii ṣe gbooro, ifarada iwọn ila opin ati ifarada iyipo-jade ni a le pinnu nipa lilo iṣiro inu iwọn ila opin tabi wiwọn inu iwọn ila opin ju OD ti a sọtọ.
    4. Fun ṣiṣe ipinnu ibamu si ifarada iwọn ila opin, iwọn ila opin paipu jẹ asọye bi yipo paipu ni eyikeyi ọkọ ofurufu yipo nipasẹ Pi.

    Odi sisanra

    t inches

    Awọn ifarada a

    inches

    SMLS paipu b

    ≤ 0.157

    + 0.024 / – 0.020

    > 0.157 si <0.948

    + 0.150t / – 0.125t

    ≥ 0.984

    + 0,146 tabi + 0.1t, eyikeyi ti o tobi

    - 0.120 tabi - 0.1t, eyikeyi ti o tobi

    welded paipu c,d

    ≤ 0.197

    +/- 0.020
    > 0.197 si <0.591

    +/- 0.1t

    0.591

    +/- 0.060
    1. Ti aṣẹ rira ba ṣalaye ifarada iyokuro fun sisanra ogiri kere ju iye iwulo ti a fun ni tabili yii, ifarada pẹlu sisanra ogiri yoo pọsi nipasẹ iye to lati ṣetọju iwọn ifarada iwulo.
    2. Fun paipu pẹlu D≥ 14.000 ni ati t≥0.984in, ifarada sisanra ogiri ni agbegbe le kọja ifarada afikun fun sisanra ogiri nipasẹ afikun 0.05t ti a pese pe afikun ifarada fun ibi-pupọ ko kọja.
    3. Ifarada afikun fun ogiri nipọn ko kan si agbegbe weld
    4. Wo API5L ni kikun fun awọn alaye ni kikun
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